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The name of several martyrs.
A soldier, martyred at Antioch, Jan. 353, with Bonosus, a fellow soldier, of the Herculean cohort; they were standard-bearers, and refused to remove the chrismon (monogram of Christ) from the standard, as had been ordered by Julian the Apostate. Count Julian, uncle of the emperor, commanded them to replace the chrismon with images of idols, and, upon their refusal, had them tortured and beheaded. The Roman martyrology and most other calendars mention them on 21 August, while in a few martyrologies and in the heading which is prefixed to their Acts, 21 Sept. (XII Kal. Oct.) is designated as the day of their martyrdom. Both dates are wrong, as is evident from the Acts of the two martyrs, which represent Count Julian as infected with an ugly disease, contracted at the martyrdom of St. Theodoret 23 Oct., 362.
His Acts, composed in the thirteenth century and unreliable, say he was b. at Celeia (Cilli, Styria), made a pilgrimage to Rome, went as missionary to Noricum, became Archbishop of Laureacum (Lorch, near Passau), and suffered martyrdom under Numerianus (283-4). It is historically certain that Maximilian was a missionary in Noricum during the latter half of the third century, founded the church of Lorch, and suffered martyrdom. His cult dates at least from the eighth century. In that century, St. Rupert built a church in his honour at Bischofshofen, and brought his relics thither. They were transferred to Passau in 985. His feast is celebrated 12 Oct., at some places 29 Oct.
Martyred at Thebeste near Carthage, 12 March, 295. Thinking a Christian was not permitted to be a soldier, he refused to enter the army and was beheaded. Since death was not then the legal punishment for those who refused to join the army (Arrius Menander, Digest XLIX, xvi, 4 P. 10), it is probable that he was beheaded because he gave his Christianity as the reason of his refusal. He was buried at Carthage by the noble matron Pompejana.
Acta SS., Aug., IV, 425-430; RUINART, Acta Martyrum (Ratisbon, 1859), 609-12; LECLERCQ, Les Martyrs, III (Paris, 1904), 100-04; TILLEMONT, Mémoires pour servir a l'hist. eccles. des six premiers siecles, VII (Paris, 1700), 405-09; TAMAYO, Discursos apologeticos de las reliquias d. S. Bonoso y Maximiliano (Baeza, 1632). (2) Vita ac legenda S. Maximiliani in PEZ, Script. rerum Austr., I, 22-34. Concerning its value see RETTBERG, Kirschengesch. Deutschl., I (Gottingen, 1846), 158 sq. RATZINGER, Forsch. zur Bayr. Gesch. (Kempten, 1898), 325 sq.; KERSCHBAUMER, Gesch. des Bist. St. Poelten (1875), I, 61-78. (3) ALLARD, La persecution de Diocletien, I (Paris, 1908), 99-105; HARNACK Militia Christi (Tübingen, 1905), 114 sq.; RUINART, Acta Martyrum (Ratisbon, 1859), 340-2, Fr. tr. LECLERCQ, Les Martyrs, II (Paris, 1903), 152-5.
APA citation. (1911). Maximilian. In The Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/10075a.htm
MLA citation. "Maximilian." The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 10. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1911. <http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/10075a.htm>.
Transcription. This article was transcribed for New Advent by Benjamin F. Hull.
Ecclesiastical approbation. Nihil Obstat. October 1, 1911. Remy Lafort, S.T.D., Censor. Imprimatur. +John Cardinal Farley, Archbishop of New York.
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